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Current (2000) Mineral and Vitamin Recommendations
for Dairy Cows
Bill Weiss
Dept of Animal
Sciences
OARDC/OSU
The guidelines below reflect my interpretation of
available data on mineral and vitamin needs
for dairy cows. They
include a safety margin when I think one is appropriate. The
guidelines
are for group-fed animals and assume normal variation
in dry matter intake within a group of
cows. All values are on a
dry matter basis.
LACTATING COWS
Calcium: 0.75 to 0.80% (increase to 0.82 to 0.90 when feeding
fat)
Phosphorous: 0.38 to 0.44%
Magnesium: 0.25% (increase as
necessary to maintain K/(Ca+Mg) <2.2
Sulfur 0.20%
Potassium:
1 to 1.2%
Sodium: 0.22 to 0.25%
Chlorine: 0.25 to 0.3%
Copper:
10 to 20 ppm (total copper, not supplemental)
......-Jersey closer
to 10, Holstein closer to 20 ppm
......-increase if high S in
water and high molybdenum
......-maintain a 4:1 Cu:Mo ratio; if S
is very high then 3:1
Zinc: 50 to 100 ppm (total zinc, not
supplemental)
......-maintain a 4:1 to 5:1 Zn:Cu ratio
Selenium:
0.3 ppm (supplemental)
Vitamin A: 90,000 to 125,000 IU/day
(supplemental)
Vitamin D: 30,000 IU/day (supplemental)
Vitamin
E: 500 IU/day (supplemental; not needed for rotational grazing)
DRY COWS
Calcium: 0.4%
......-increase to 1.2% for prefresh cows if
anionic diet is fed
Phosphorous: 0.2 to 0.24%
......-increase
to 0.3% for prefresh cows if anionic diet is fed
Magnesium: 0.25
to 3%
......-increase as necessary to maintain K/(Ca+Mg) <
2.0
Sulfur 0.15 to 0.20%
Potassium: 0.7%
Sodium: 0.1 to
0.15%
Chloride: 0.2%
Copper: 15 to 20 ppm (see lactating cow
for adjustments)
Zinc: 60 to 100 ppm
Selenium: 0.3 ppm
(consider injecting 50 mg at 21 day prepartum)
Vitamin A: 70,000
to 80,000 IU/day (supplemental)
Vitamin D: 20,000 to 25,000 IU/day
(supplemental)
Vitamin E: 1000 IU/day (supplemental; not needed
for rotational grazing)
......-consider 2000 to 4000 IU for
prefresh